"Flying dinosaur biggest airborne animal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "The aerodynamics of Argentavis, the world's largest flying bird from the Miocene of Argentina". The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. ^ "Paul Allen showed off his new rocket-launching plane today, and it's BIG".^ "Former NBA player Manute Bol to speak at Union"."Manute Bol, former Washington Bullet and one of NBA's tallest players, dies at 47". "High school basketball player's stunning wingspan". ^ 777-200/300 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning (PDF) (Technical report).Insect: Tanzanian parasitic wasp ( Fairyfly) – 0.2 mm (0.0079 in).Bird: Bee hummingbird – 6.5 cm (2.6 in).Aircraft (twin engine): Colomban Cri-cri – 4.9 m (16 ft 1 in).Aircraft (biplane): Starr Bumble Bee II – 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in).Insect (extinct): Meganeuropsis (relative of dragonflies) – estimated up to 71 cm (28.0 in).Insect: White witch moth – 28 cm (11.0 in).Reptile (extinct): Quetzalcoatlus pterosaur – 10–11 m (33–36 ft).
Bird (extinct): Argentavis – Estimated 7 m (23 ft 0 in).
Bird: Wandering albatross – 3.63 m (11 ft 11 in).Bat: Large flying fox – 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in).Aircraft (current): Scaled Composites Stratolaunch - 117 m (385 ft).The wingspan of Manute Bol, at 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m), is (as of 2013) the longest in NBA history, and his vertical reach was 10 feet 5 inches (3.18 m). The wingspan of 16-year-old BeeJay Anya, a top basketball Junior Class of 2013 prospect who played for the NC State Wolfpack, was officially measured at 7 feet 9 inches (2.36 m) across, one of the longest of all National Basketball Association draft prospects, and the longest ever for a non-7-foot player, though Anya went undrafted in 2017. This is called reach in boxing terminology. In basketball and gridiron football, a fingertip-to-fingertip measurement is used to determine the player's wingspan, also called armspan. The wingspan of an insect refers to the wingspan of pinned specimens, and may refer to the distance between the centre of the thorax to the apex of the wing doubled or to the width between the apices with the wings set with the trailing wing edge perpendicular to the body. To measure the wingspan of a bird, a live or freshly-dead specimen is placed flat on its back, the wings are grasped at the wrist joints, ankles and the distance is measured between the tips of the longest primary feathers on each wing. The highest aspect ratio man-made wings are aircraft propellers, in their most extreme form as helicopter rotors.įurther information: Flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft) Wingspan of flying animals Additionally, ground handling in aircraft is a significant problem for very high aspect ratios and flying animals may encounter similar issues. For them, short-span, broad wings are preferred. Alternatively, animals and aircraft which depend on maneuverability (fighters, predators and the preyed upon, and those who live amongst trees and bushes, insect catchers, etc.) need to be able to roll fast to turn, and the high moment of inertia of long narrow wings, as well as the high angular drag and quick balancing of aileron lift with wing lift at a low rotation rate, produces lower roll rates. Long-ranging birds, like albatrosses, and most commercial aircraft maximize aspect ratio.
For efficient steady flight, the ratio of span to chord, the aspect ratio, should be as high as possible (the constraints are usually structural) because this lowers the lift-induced drag associated with the inevitable wingtip vortices. The area is the product of the span times the width ( mean chord) of the wing, so either a long, narrow wing or a shorter, broader wing will support the same mass. The lift from wings is proportional to their area, so the heavier the animal or aircraft the bigger that area must be. Implications for aircraft design and animal evolution The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep.
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